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MAYDAY Voice Procedure — ITU / ICAO Standard

  1. 1Select distress frequency: 2,182 kHz (Maritime HF) · 121.5 MHz (Aviation VHF) · 14,300 kHz (Amateur / Maritime Mobile Net)
  2. 2Say: "MAYDAY · MAYDAY · MAYDAY"
  3. 3Say: "THIS IS" + your callsign or vessel/aircraft name × 3
  4. 4Say: "MAYDAY" + your callsign once more
  5. 5State your POSITION — GPS coordinates or nearest landmark/waypoint
  6. 6State NATURE OF DISTRESS — sinking, fire, medical emergency, man overboard…
  7. 7State NUMBER OF PERSONS on board / requiring assistance
  8. 8Add ANY OTHER RELEVANT INFORMATION — vessel type, colour, injuries, ELT activated
  9. 9Say "OVER" — listen for response. Repeat every 5 minutes if no reply.
Regional emergency < 1,500 km · Night
80m — 3,760 kHz USB
Best regional night coverage in Europe. Noisy by day. RAYNET/URE monitor 24h.
Spain ↔ Romania · Day & night
40m — 7,060 kHz USB
~2,200 km: 40m works reliably year-round at all hours. Best all-round band.
International / DX · Day
20m — 14,190 kHz USB
Pan-Europe + worldwide daytime. Reaches Americas & Africa. Solar max 2025/26 boosts this.
Solar flare / HF blackout
80m / 160m · Night only
Low bands unaffected by X-ray absorption. Wait 15–30 min after X-flare for HF recovery.
Voice fails / high noise floor
40m JS8Call — 7,078 kHz
Digital modes penetrate noise 15–20 dB better than SSB. Works at 5W. Store-and-forward.
Email when internet is down
Winlink — 7,101 / 14,105 kHz
Email over radio via RMS gateways. Standard EMCOMM protocol. winlink.org/map for gateways.
No radio TX — broadcast only
LW 153 kHz + LW 198 kHz
Any basic MW/LW receiver. Romanian (153) + English (198). 24h, pan-European. No antenna needed.
Assess HF band conditions
WWV 10,000 kHz — :18 past hour
Listen for Geophysical Alert: K-index (0–9, lower is better), Solar Flux Index >150 = good DX.
Maritime emergency · Mediterranean
VHF Ch.16 + HF 2,182 kHz
Both simultaneously if possible. Coast guard monitors both. EPIRB: activate only in grave danger.